The fathers of spectroscopy, a series: Max Planck

A man with glasses and a mustache wearing a suit.

Of the many substantial contributions to theoretical physics, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck’s fame rests heavily on his role as the originator of quantum theory, which revolutionized human understanding (and Marvel movie subplots) of atomic and subatomic processes. The discovery of energy quanta won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918. To add a…

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The fathers of spectroscopy, a series: James Clerk Maxwell

A black and white photo of a man with long beard.

Last post we covered the foundation for which spectroscopy was built, the work of Sir William Herschel, who discovered the infrared through his experiments. Continuing our journey, James Clerk Maxwell was a Scottish mathematician and scientist responsible for the classical theory of electromagnetic (EM) radiation, which was the first theory to describe electricity, magnetism, and…

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The fathers of spectroscopy, a series: Sir William Herschel

A painting of a man in red jacket holding a guitar.

Spectroscopy is the study of the absorption, reflectance, and emission of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light) by matter, measured as a function of wavelength (or frequency). It is used as a tool for characterizing the structures of atoms and molecules by exploiting the fact that they absorb frequencies that are characteristic of their structure. Readers, while…

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Orientation Survey: pXRF

A series of steps with different designs on them.

pXRF has many applications both within and outside of mining and mineral exploration. In no industry has a vendor ever told a client to take the pXRF, point, shoot, and voilà – you now have a robust dataset that is ready for analysis.  This post both builds on our prior pXRF post (where we talked about QA/QC)…

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Orientation Surveys: Rocks

A table of elements with the names and properties.

Perhaps a bit unconventional for these blog posts, but I want this to revolve front and center around this amazing resource I found from ALS Labs in the depths of my hard drive… a periodic table of the elements that contains information about the types of digestions required to liberate each element (note that photon assay is…

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Orientation Study: Residual Soil Geochemistry

A group of people standing in the middle of an open field.

As discussed in our first installment, orientation studies should enable the selection of optimum field, laboratory and interpretation procedures. Ideally, these procedures should allow for the clear resolution of significant anomalous patterns, with as little overlap as possible between anomalous and background populations. Below is a list of some of the most important factors that…

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January: A Month of Orientation Surveys

A pyramid with the following steps : data, sample preparation and analysis ; sampling, program design ; and orientation survey.

Orientation survey. Of course you *should* know what this term means… you think to yourself… Stop googling for half baked answers and stay tuned this January to our blog, where we are going to break down this term and show you how to put together some really simple programs that will ultimately return value to…

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pXRF & QA/QC

A diagram of the inside of an object.

Haven’t conducted a pXRF program in awhile? No worries, this post has you covered… to remind you to never ever forget to calibrate your equipment. Like any geochemical program, you’re also going to need to setup a rigorous QA/QC program complete with standards (matrix-matched certified reference material), blanks (pure quartz) and duplicates.  QA/QC Theory Successful…

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Spectralucation July: Beyond Porphyry-Epithermal

A series of steps with different colors and patterns.

A common comment that we receive is that ‘spectral is great for porphyry and epithermal, but it cannot help with other deposits.’ At LKI Consulting, we wholeheartedly disagree with this statement so for our last Spectralucation July post we would like to debunk some myths and explore the range of deposit types that are seen…

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Spectralucation July: Using Spectral Composition Data

A diagram of the structure of an icosahedron.

If you are unaware, hyperspectral data is renown for producing mineral data; biotite, white mica, tourmaline, sulfates, carbonates, Fe-oxides… the list is long and diverse. However, spectral datasets also yield “composition” data, namely crystallinity and wavelength data. In this post we’re going to focus on some of the more common features and mineral groups they…

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